This suggests that the discriminative abilities of subcortical neurons may be sufficient in many acoustic situations. In contrast, in behavioral tasks including challenging conditions, behavioral performance was severely reduced by removing or transiently silencing the corticofugal descending projections. In general, modest effects have been observed in anesthetized and in awake, passively listening, animals. Second, we will report the functional effects resulting from activating or inactivating corticofugal projections on functional properties of subcortical neurons. In such situations, the discrimination abilities of collicular and thalamic neurons are clearly better than those of cortical neurons although the latter remain very little affected by degraded acoustic conditions. In this review, we will first describe the contributions of neuronal networks in representing communication sounds in various types of degraded acoustic conditions from the cochlear nucleus to the primary and secondary auditory cortex. 2Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdomįor decades, the corticofugal descending projections have been anatomically well described but their functional role remains a puzzling question.1Department of Integrative and Computational Neurosciences, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), UMR CNRS 9197, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France.
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